Don’t Expect Miracles From Your Setup

setup vs practice 1.jpg
A good setup in sim racing can mean a lot in the right hands, but many of us will benefit more from practice.

Most of us have seen YouTube videos with titles like “1:47.338 Ferrari 488 GT3 at Monza with Setup”. The lap time referenced is unusually fast, and many of us infer that we might be able to achieve an equal time using this setup. But this is rarely the case.

Setups aren’t meant to be a panacea. The aforementioned video probably also showcased incredibly aggressive racing lines, plus elite level throttle and brake application that most of us aren’t immediately capable of. And this is paramount; the driver factored more into that lap time than the setup.

Setups worthless?​

So does this mean setups are worthless in sim racing? Of course not. A bad setup can cause even highly skilled drivers to struggle on track, and a great setup can help the same highly skilled drivers win races. But don’t expect to jump straight to greatness if you’re not already a competent sim racer. An example of a case where a setup could make a significant impact on your driving experience is if you are consistent within a few tenths lap after lap and just out of striking distance of your competitors. But if your lap times vary significantly and you’re further down the running order, the problem may lie elsewhere.

Going from a baseline or generic setup to a setup tailored to a specific track does hold the possibility of improving your lap times. But you should consider replacing that possibility with the near certainty of benefits of practice. Especially in a case where you’re new to your car or track, spending a few hours getting a feel for the car’s tendencies and the flow of the track can have a massive effect on your lap times. And in the case where more practice is needed to learn the car and track, introducing new setups may actually hinder your learning if they are designed to produce only short-term results, like a qualifying setup.

Make your own setup​

A good strategy to employ regarding setups is to work toward building your own. This can be an intimidating prospect for many of us, but starting with even small adjustments to tire pressure, fuel load, and aero can have a positive effect immediately. These tweaks plus ample practice will have more positive effects on speed and control for new or inexperienced sim racers than choosing a random setup from the internet.

So don’t ignore your setup, but don’t expect instant greatness either. For newer or less consistent drivers, practice will have a greater effect on your average lap times than a setup you discover on the internet. Use setups as a complement your performance once you have experience with the car and track, not as a crutch for situations where you haven’t practiced enough.
About author
Mike Smith
I have been obsessed with sim racing and racing games since the 1980's. My first taste of live auto racing was in 1988, and I couldn't get enough ever since. Lead writer for RaceDepartment, and owner of SimRacing604 and its YouTube channel. Favourite sims include Assetto Corsa Competizione, Assetto Corsa, rFactor 2, Automobilista 2, DiRT Rally 2 - On Twitter as @simracing604

Comments

Great writeup Mike Smith.
This blogpost which includes the attached "Solutions To Handling Issues" chart taught me a lot and allowed me to make AC cars drivable enough to practice more aggressively. In my opinion, these are adjustments that work in both AC and ACC. I keep the chart on my phone for quick reference. I hope it helps someone else out. Credits and a huge "thanks" to the post by Mjolnir and to the chart creator Adam Isallovic. The chart is available in hi res at the site.
 

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This is all fine assuming you have a decent base startup to practice. Not an issue with ACC, but in other games sometimes the default setup is just undriveable, so you have to start by fiddling settings.
Hi,
See my post above. Hopefully you can get as much from the info as I did; it totally took the frustration away.
 
Setups are completely linked to driver style and driver skill. Also a good setup for a very fast hotlap will usually be completely useless in a long race (with tyre wear enabled!). I don't know why people think downloading a setup will magically make them faster.
 
Those charts are fine; but I also harbour an unimaginable hatred towards them. :p

They can really screw up a car that is very adjustable once you start clicking the wrong things up and down because the chart told you to. Extremely bad for ARBs and tire pressures which can actually do the opposite effect depending on the context and what part of the corner you're looking at.

More evil than that, they will hinder understanding of setup if all you rely on is the chart. I know many do. I suppose it's the most reasonable approach for most users.

However I can't help but feel that if you read an actual book on suspension and tires, you will end up saving time in the long run as opposed to relying on charts. I suppose the main issue is they are lacking in context and exist in a vacuum.
 
Great writeup Mike Smith.
This blogpost which includes the attached "Solutions To Handling Issues" chart taught me a lot and allowed me to make AC cars drivable enough to practice more aggressively. In my opinion, these are adjustments that work in both AC and ACC. I keep the chart on my phone for quick reference. I hope it helps someone else out. Credits and a huge "thanks" to the post by Mjolnir and to the chart creator Adam Isallovic. The chart is available in hi res at the site.
Increasing tyre pressures when the tyres are overheating is just plain wrong and casts doubt on the entire chart.
 
Increasing tyre pressures when the tyres are overheating is just plain wrong and casts doubt on the entire chart.
In AC1 at least, and IRL from what I can tell, tire pressure won't affect your overall heating to a significant degree. At least not within a pretty reasonable range from optimal.

For some reason Aris made a comment some time that "lower pressures heat more" or something like that, and I think people have gotten confused by that. I haven't looked at the code myself but I'm fairly sure there was nothing like that in it.

If you're under-pressure, then increasing pressure will bring you closer to optimal, giving the tire more more mu, hence more heat generated potentially. I suppose if you're overheating and at optimal pressure, increasing pressure will result in less mu, and less heat generated potentially. :rolleyes:

That is also why many roadcars spec in quite a lot of rear pressure compared to front, sometimes very close to optimal and completely unsuitable for track driving. However when the tires are cold or only mildly heated such as when driving on a highway for some time, the rear will have more grip.

There are probably exceptions to the trends IRL ie: when the tire is just about to debead, or when it's basically solid, but there's no data on those scenarios. Hence most sims don't seem to change heating or slipcurves or anything based on pressure, and assume the tire will be operating close to optimal ie: +-20psi.

The closest thing I can think of is that generally IRL load will change optimal pressure (I don't think it yet does in AC; can't remember if it has been added to ACC) but the trend is generally more pressure for more load last I checked; so you will probably still be getting more mu and more heat.

Not sure where these ideas come from, but it doesn't seem to be from the game's code or real physics.
 
I don’t have a clue how to do setups. The first sim to implement an engineer to walk you through it will win all.
I've been thinking about something like that for some time. More often than not real professional drivers will have an engineer assist them in the setup, but in the sim it's completely down to the user. While I think that learning the physics and designs of the mechanisms is a core part of any consumer sim experience, It'd still be a good idea at least for singleplayer content to include something that'd give a helping hand to more casual users.

It'd be a bit of a job because setup is so context sensitive, but I think a flowchart spreadsheet style arrangement could be made where the application can give the user actually useful feedback and setup suggestions based on their telemetry, current setup and wishes for the handling. You just need to be very careful with it and limit the content you include to the sim, otherwise it will become too much work to maintain. The design also has to be quite good, otherwise it'll just be completely useless and might as well not have wasted time making it. That means it'll need to be track-specific as well.

It'd be a cool idea for a more study-sim styled product that could actually teach the user something about setup and driving, but I don't know how feasible it'd be in anything that has more than just a few cars and tracks.

Something like that in a sim with good AI and good singleplayer content could be very successful though. I feel that's what most users want in the end of the day. All the fancy physics improvements and whatever won't matter to most people if they can't feel they're interacting with them in an interesting way.
 
My particular experience with setups.

When I first started ACC at Nurburgring, I thought doing a 2:00 lap was fast. Then I saw people doing 1:53-:56 and I thought, "they can't be driving the same cars". So I looked at setting up a car. I read all the literature about bump stops, ride height, rake, fast rebound, slow rebound, you name it. I started to experiment with basic car setup. It actually helped. Make me worse.

Then I decided to take a look at replays to see how was driving the track. Horribly would be kind. I was missing apexes, braking late, braking early. The biggest one, not looking far enough ahead.

I spent a few months just working on looking, braking, acceleration. I went from a constant 2:00 to now a consistent 1:57:00. I also developed a "feel" for the car. I am aware when understeer and oversteer is me and not the car.

I feel now that a setup might make a difference since I can tell the difference between bad car and bad driver. I think some people just don't want to put in the amount of time it takes to get your body to do something consistently and instead look to fast solutions. `Even games that people say, " the driving sucks" can be mastered if you put enough time into it.

I can drive the same car on the same track, in ACC, AC, PC2, RF2, and AMS2, and get the same times. Even though they all drive differently.
 
I don’t have a clue how to do setups. The first sim to implement an engineer to walk you through it will win all.


No.

I am all for as best as possible descriptions and information, but the thinking has to be done by a person, there is immense amount of variables and it would probably be a big failure if some "engineer" help would be implemented, all it would be probably bunch of preset setups, that would never fully satisfy anyone.

I'll share one little idea, that universally should help with any setup, at least aero and suspension - you must achieve as equal loads on all four tires for as much of a race, this will give you most grip. Grip = laptimes. With some exceptions, like you need most load on rear tires when accelerating at the end of turn exit and in the straight.

Also keep in mind there is mechanical grip balance and aerodynamical grip balance. Obviously the faster you go, the more you rely on aerodynamics. Mechanically softer = mostly more grip, as long as stability is sustainable.

Thats it, you can be setups engineer.
 
To be devil's advocate, how much grip a tire has when driving over bumps can't be determined with rules like "softer = more grip" because it depends entirely on the bump amplitude and frequency. Hence usually really quite stiff setups are just objectively faster over most surfaces and the old idea of "soft springs for more mechanical grip" isn't very realistic.

:rolleyes:

That is due to wheel angles and load distribution by the way, not load *transfer*. Spring stiffness isn't an input in the lateral or longitudinal load transfer formula, so going stiffer won't inherently give you any grip.

Due to things like this, setting up an automatic setup helper engineer app wizard utility thingy would probably be a nightmare in practice; but I'd still kind of like to see it attempted. I really wonder how canned it'd have to be to provide anything useful to begin with.
 
Really a great article indeed, or for a lot of a good stepping stone, and something to think about. I too started ages ago at least with a serious sim like Grand Prix Legends. I read it right in front of me"no one can drive these cars, its like driving on ice". That was all it took at least for me. I WAS going to drive these cars, plus the fact I always had thought 60's F1 cars were the epitome of what an F1 car should be. It actually took skill to drive them. What else ? you learned about them as well, what understeer and oversteer was, and for me I learned about "rotating the car with differential coast" or at least thats what it said. Took quite awhile to actually learn what it meant.
So I learned about the cars and started experimenting with setups and read about what each of the cars components did. I found it pretty interesting myself.
Thats where I learned the basics, it still applies today, although I still prefer cars with no aero at all, just call me old school.
But I think anyone who really wants to drive a sim well needs to learn a bit about whats going on with the car.
Again great article, hope to see more like this.
 
Premium
I don’t have a clue how to do setups. The first sim to implement an engineer to walk you through it will win all.
Absolutely. I like to pretend I'm racing a car, Not that Im an engineer.

All this talk of Ai and machine learning should lead directly to an engineer being able to guide the driver through a set up.

Give a quick analysis of the drivers laps and advise setting for gear ratio's, camber adjustment, tire pressure, The computer has all the info and the smarts to make sense of it. Then it can move onto how the cars rotating, grip on enter/exit....

Tell me what I need to know ya silly damn machine, I have a race to crash out of before rage quitting.
 
Premium
Those charts are fine; but I also harbour an unimaginable hatred towards them. :p

They can really screw up a car that is very adjustable once you start clicking the wrong things up and down because the chart told you to. Extremely bad for ARBs and tire pressures which can actually do the opposite effect depending on the context and what part of the corner you're looking at.

More evil than that, they will hinder understanding of setup if all you rely on is the chart. I know many do. I suppose it's the most reasonable approach for most users.

However I can't help but feel that if you read an actual book on suspension and tires, you will end up saving time in the long run as opposed to relying on charts. I suppose the main issue is they are lacking in context and exist in a vacuum.

I would be curious to know if you have a particular book(s) in mind. I have a basic understanding of car setups but would love to have a better technical understanding.
 
I would be curious to know if you have a particular book(s) in mind. I have a basic understanding of car setups but would love to have a better technical understanding.
There's very little actual literature which is useful that you can read on "race setup" at least to my knowledge. You'd learn most of it in the field.

However if you understand how the physics works, you can at least have a solid basis from which you can make decisions from. "Suspension Geometry and Computation" and "The Shock Absorber Handbook" both by John C. Dixon are pretty good primers. After that you should read Milliken & Milliken's Race Car Vehicle Dynamics.

There is some stuff like Fred Puhn's "How to make your car handle" but my experience with it boils down to just reverse engineering his stabilizer stiffness calculation when I was making my own. Might be good, probably lots of outdated info.
 
Premium
Nice topic :thumbsup:
Earlier, about 12 years ago, when i was online racing with rFactor a F1 league, unfortunately i had no clue about setups. So i was always a driver who could fight sometimes for points, but never really for the podiums.
Setup building was always like drive dirve drive trial and error than drive drive on.

Somewhere there was the gap between the guys with good setup skills and the rest of us. But i managed at least to win 1 race in my "career"

Todays i know a lot more about setups, but unfortunately do not need it anymore.... :(
 
Setups aren't about going fast; they're about being comfortable going fast. If the car isn't behaving the way you expect it too, the distraction can have a huge negative impact on your lap times. I've posted over 500 setups online (here and on the deceased Setup Market), which have been downloaded over 50,000 times. I aim for universality, but a good setup is personal, tailored to the way you drive; not necessarily the way you should drive, but the way you like to drive. (Camber gain is the biggest factor in 'personalizing' your setup: the harder you drive, the less static camber you need.)

In my observations, the so-called 'aliens' don't need any special setup. They can drive the wheels off anything and only need enough fuel and rubber to reach the end of the race. At the other end of the spectrum, novices need all the help they can get to keep them on the racing surface. My setups are aimed at a middle ground; more for endurance than sprint speeds, but capable of withstanding the stress when pushed.

The most dire need for well-crafted setups comes from the many modders who release new cars without testing them or (I suspect) without knowing anything at all about anything other than the angle of the wiper blades, the diameter of the exhaust tubing or the skinkles coming off the 72-spoke wire wheels. In my world, graphics are nice, but physics rule.
 

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